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java.lang.Objectjava.nio.Buffer
java.nio.ByteBuffer
public abstract class ByteBuffer
A byte buffer.
This class is provided as part of the JSR 239 NIO Buffer building block. It
is a subset of the java.nio.ByteBuffer
class in Java(TM)
Standard Edition version 1.4.2. Differences are noted in bold
italic. The class documentation may make reference to classes that
are not present in the building block.
I/O channels, marking and resetting, and read-only buffers are not
supported. Allocation of non-direct byte buffers, compaction, and duplication
are not supported. The char
, long
, and
double
datatypes are not supported. The following methods are
omitted:
ByteBuffer allocate(int capacity)
ByteBuffer compact()
ByteBuffer duplicate()
Buffer mark()
Buffer reset()
boolean isReadOnly()
ByteBuffer asReadOnlyBuffer()
CharBuffer asCharBuffer()
LongBuffer asLongBuffer()
DoubleBuffer asDoubleBuffer()
char getChar()
char getChar(int index)
long getLong()
long getLong(int index)
double getDouble()
double getDouble(int index)
ByteBuffer putChar(char value)
ByteBuffer putChar(int index, char value)
ByteBuffer putLong(int index, long value)
ByteBuffer putLong(long value)
ByteBuffer putDouble(double value)
ByteBuffer putDouble(int index, double value)
This class defines six categories of operations upon byte buffers:
Absolute and relative get
and put
methods that read and write single bytes;
Relative bulk get
methods that transfer
contiguous sequences of bytes from this buffer into an array;
Relative bulk put
methods that transfer
contiguous sequences of bytes from a byte array or some other byte buffer
into this buffer;
Absolute and relative get and put methods that read and write values of other primitive types, translating them to and from sequences of bytes in a particular byte order; JSR 239 does not support certain multi-byte get and put methods.
Methods for creating view buffers
, which allow a byte
buffer to be viewed as a buffer containing values of some other primitive
type; and
Methods for compacting, duplicating, and slicing
a byte
buffer. JSR 239 does not support compacting and duplicating
buffers.
Byte buffers can be created either by allocation
, which allocates space for the buffer's content, or by
wrapping
an existing byte array into a buffer.
A byte buffer is either direct or non-direct. Given a direct
byte buffer, the Java virtual machine will make a best effort to perform
native I/O operations directly upon it. That is, it will attempt to avoid
copying the buffer's content to (or from) an intermediate buffer before (or
after) each invocation of one of the underlying operating system's native I/O
operations.
A direct byte buffer may be created by invoking the
A direct byte buffer may also be created by mapping a region of a file
directly into memory. An implementation of the Java platform may optionally
support the creation of direct byte buffers from native code via JNI. If an
instance of one of these kinds of buffers refers to an inaccessible region of
memory then an attempt to access that region will not change the buffer's
content and will cause an unspecified exception to be thrown either at the
time of the access or at some later time.
Whether a byte buffer is direct or non-direct may be determined by invoking
its
This class defines methods for reading and writing values of all other
primitive types, except boolean,
For access to heterogenous binary data, that is, sequences of values of
different types, this class defines a family of absolute and relative
get and put methods for each type. For 32-bit floating-point
values, for example, this class defines:
Corresponding methods are defined for the types char,
short, int, long, and double. JSR 239 does not
define the
For access to homogeneous binary data, that is, sequences of values of the
same type, this class defines methods that can create views of a given
byte buffer. A view buffer is simply another buffer whose content is
backed by the byte buffer. Changes to the byte buffer's content will be
visible in the view buffer, and vice versa; the two buffers' position, limit,
and mark values are independent. The
View buffers have three important advantages over the families of
type-specific get and put methods described above:
A view buffer is indexed not in terms of bytes but rather in terms of the
type-specific size of its values; A view buffer provides relative bulk get and put methods that
can transfer contiguous sequences of values between a buffer and an array or
some other buffer of the same type; and A view buffer is potentially much more efficient because it will be direct
if, and only if, its backing byte buffer is direct.
The byte order of a view buffer is fixed to be that of its byte buffer at the
time that the view is created.
Methods in this class that do not otherwise have a value to return are
specified to return the buffer upon which they are invoked. This allows
method invocations to be chained.
The sequence of statements
Direct vs. non-direct buffers
factory method of
this class. The buffers returned by this method typically have somewhat
higher allocation and deallocation costs than non-direct buffers. The
contents of direct buffers may reside outside of the normal garbage-collected
heap, and so their impact upon the memory footprint of an application might
not be obvious. It is therefore recommended that direct buffers be allocated
primarily for large, long-lived buffers that are subject to the underlying
system's native I/O operations. In general it is best to allocate direct
buffers only when they yield a measureable gain in program performance.
Certain JSR 239 methods require the use of direct buffers.
JSR 239 does not support the techniques described in the remainder of
this paragraph.
allocateDirect
method. This method is provided
so that explicit buffer management can be done in performance-critical code.
isDirect
Access to binary data
char
,
long
, and double
. Primitive values are
translated to (or from) sequences of bytes according to the buffer's current
byte order, which may be retrieved and modified via the order
methods. Specific byte orders are represented by instances of the
ByteOrder
class. The initial order of a byte buffer is always
BIG_ENDIAN
. JSR 239 does not support the
ByteOrder
class or the order
methods. The inital
order of a byte buffer is the platform byte order.
float
ByteBuffer.getFloat()
<code>getFloat()</code>}
float <code>getFloat(int index)</code>
void <code>putFloat(float f)</code>
void <code>putFloat(int index, float f)</code>
char
, long
, or double
methods. The index parameters of the absolute get and
put methods are in terms of bytes rather than of the type being read
or written.
method, for example, creates an instance of the
asFloatBuffer
FloatBuffer
class that is backed by the byte buffer upon which the
method is invoked. Corresponding view-creation methods are defined for the
types char, short, int, long, and
double. JSR 239 does not define views of type
char
, long
, or double
.
Invocation chaining
can, for example, be replaced by the single statement
bb.putInt(0xCAFEBABE);
bb.putShort(3);
bb.putShort(45);
bb.putInt(0xCAFEBABE).putShort(3).putShort(45);
Method Summary | ||
---|---|---|
static ByteBuffer |
allocateDirect(int capacity)
Allocates a new direct byte buffer. |
|
byte[] |
array()
Returns the byte array that backs this buffer (optional operation). |
|
int |
arrayOffset()
Returns the offset within this buffer's backing array of the first element of the buffer (optional operation). |
|
abstract FloatBuffer |
asFloatBuffer()
Creates a view of this byte buffer as a float buffer. |
|
abstract IntBuffer |
asIntBuffer()
Creates a view of this byte buffer as an int buffer. |
|
abstract ShortBuffer |
asShortBuffer()
Creates a view of this byte buffer as a short buffer. |
|
int |
compareTo(Object ob)
Compares this buffer to another. |
|
boolean |
equals(Object ob)
Tells whether or not this buffer is equal to another object. |
|
abstract byte |
get()
Relative get method. |
|
ByteBuffer |
get(byte[] dst)
Relative bulk get method. |
|
ByteBuffer |
get(byte[] dst,
int offset,
int length)
This method transfers bytes from this buffer into the given destination array. |
|
abstract byte |
get(int index)
Absolute get method. |
|
abstract float |
getFloat()
Relative get method for reading a float value. |
|
abstract float |
getFloat(int index)
Absolute get method for reading a float value. |
|
abstract int |
getInt()
Relative get method for reading an int value. |
|
abstract int |
getInt(int index)
Absolute get method for reading an int value. |
|
abstract short |
getShort()
Relative get method for reading a short value. |
|
abstract short |
getShort(int index)
Absolute get method for reading a short value. |
|
boolean |
hasArray()
Tells whether or not this buffer is backed by an accessible byte array. |
|
int |
hashCode()
Returns the current hash code of this buffer. |
|
abstract boolean |
isDirect()
Tells whether or not this byte buffer is direct. |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
put(byte b)
Relative put method (optional operation). |
|
ByteBuffer |
put(byte[] src)
Relative bulk put method (optional operation). |
|
ByteBuffer |
put(byte[] src,
int offset,
int length)
Relative bulk put method (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
put(int index,
byte b)
Absolute put method (optional operation). |
|
ByteBuffer |
put(ByteBuffer src)
Relative bulk put method (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
putFloat(float value)
Relative put method for writing a float value (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
putFloat(int index,
float value)
Absolute put method for writing a float value (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
putInt(int value)
Relative put method for writing an int value (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
putInt(int index,
int value)
Absolute put method for writing an int value (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
putShort(int index,
short value)
Absolute put method for writing a short value (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
putShort(short value)
Relative put method for writing a short value (optional operation). |
|
abstract ByteBuffer |
slice()
Creates a new byte buffer whose content is a shared subsequence of this buffer's content. |
|
String |
toString()
Returns a string summarizing the state of this buffer. |
|
static ByteBuffer |
wrap(byte[] array)
Wraps a byte array into a buffer. |
|
static ByteBuffer |
wrap(byte[] array,
int offset,
int length)
Wraps a byte array into a buffer. |
Methods inherited from class java.nio.Buffer |
---|
capacity, clear, flip, hasRemaining, limit, limit, position, position, remaining, rewind |
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
---|
getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
Method Detail |
---|
public static ByteBuffer allocateDirect(int capacity)
The new buffer's position will be zero, its limit will be its capacity, and its mark will be undefined. Whether or not it has a backing array is unspecified. For JSR 239, the mark is undefined, and no backing array will be present..
capacity
- The new buffer's capacity, in bytes.
IllegalArgumentException
- If the capacity
is a negative integer.public static ByteBuffer wrap(byte[] array, int offset, int length)
The new buffer will be backed by the the given byte array; that is,
modifications to the buffer will cause the array to be modified and vice
versa. The new buffer's capacity will be array.length, its
position will be offset, its limit will be
offset + length, and its mark will be undefined. Its
backing array
will be the given array, and its
array offset
will be zero.
array
- The array that will back the new bufferoffset
- The offset of the subarray to be used; must be non-negative
and no larger than array.length. The new buffer's
position will be set to this value.length
- The length of the subarray to be used; must be non-negative
and no larger than array.length - offset. The new
buffer's limit will be set to offset + length.
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If the preconditions on
the offset and length parameters do not hold.public static ByteBuffer wrap(byte[] array)
The new buffer will be backed by the the given byte array; that is,
modifications to the buffer will cause the array to be modified and vice
versa. The new buffer's capacity and limit will be array.length,
its position will be zero, and its mark will be undefined. Its
backing array
will be the given array, and its
array offset
will be zero.
array
- The array that will back this buffer.
public abstract ByteBuffer slice()
The content of the new buffer will start at this buffer's current position. Changes to this buffer's content will be visible in the new buffer, and vice versa; the two buffers' position, limit, and mark values will be independent. JSR 239 does not support the mark.
The new buffer's position will be zero, its capacity and its limit will be the number of bytes remaining in this buffer, and its mark will be undefined. The new buffer will be direct if, and only if, this buffer is direct, and it will be read-only if, and only if, this buffer is read-only. JSR 239 does not support the mark or read-only buffers.
public abstract byte get()
BufferUnderflowException
- If the buffer's current position
is not smaller than its limit.public abstract ByteBuffer put(byte b)
Writes the given byte into this buffer at the current position, and then increments the position.
b
- The byte to be written.
BufferOverflowException
- If this buffer's current position is not smaller than its limit.
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-only. JSR 239 does not support
read-only buffer or the ReadOnlyBufferException
class.public abstract byte get(int index)
index
- The index from which the byte will be read.
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is
negative or not smaller than the buffer's limit.public abstract ByteBuffer put(int index, byte b)
Writes the given byte into this buffer at the given index.
index
- The index at which the byte will be written.b
- The byte value to be written.
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is negative
or not smaller than the buffer's limit.
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-only. JSR 239
does not support read-only buffer or the ReadOnlyBufferException
class.public ByteBuffer get(byte[] dst, int offset, int length)
BufferUnderflowException
is thrown.
Otherwise, this method copies length bytes from this buffer into the given array, starting at the current position of this buffer and at the given offset in the array. The position of this buffer is then incremented by length.
In other words, an invocation of this method of the form src.get(dst, off, len) has exactly the same effect as the loop
for (int i = off; i < off + len; i++) dst[i] = src.get();
except that it first checks that there are sufficient bytes in this buffer and it is potentially much more efficient.
dst
- The array into which bytes are to be written.offset
- The offset within the array of the first byte to be written;
must be non-negative and no larger than dst.length.length
- The maximum number of bytes to be written to the
given array; must be non-negative and no larger than dst.length - offset.
BufferUnderflowException
- If there are fewer than length
bytes remaining in this buffer.
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If the preconditions on
the offset and length parameters do not hold.public ByteBuffer get(byte[] dst)
This method transfers bytes from this buffer into the given destination array. An invocation of this method of the form src.get(a) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
src.get(a, 0, a.length)
BufferUnderflowException
- If there are fewer than dst.length
bytes remaining in this buffer.public ByteBuffer put(ByteBuffer src)
This method transfers the bytes remaining in the given source buffer into
this buffer. If there are more bytes remaining in the source buffer than
in this buffer, that is, if src.remaining() >
remaining(), then no bytes are transferred and a
BufferOverflowException
is thrown.
Otherwise, this method copies n = src.remaining() bytes from the given buffer into this buffer, starting at each buffer's current position. The positions of both buffers are then incremented by n.
In other words, an invocation of this method of the form dst.put(src) has exactly the same effect as the loop
while (src.hasRemaining()) dst.put(src.get());
except that it first checks that there is sufficient space in this buffer and it is potentially much more efficient.
src
- The source buffer from which bytes are to be read;
must not be this buffer.
BufferOverflowException
- If there is insufficient space in this
buffer for the remaining bytes in the source buffer.
IllegalArgumentException
- If the source buffer is this buffer.
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-only.
JSR 239 does not support read-only buffer or the
ReadOnlyBufferException
class.public ByteBuffer put(byte[] src, int offset, int length)
This method transfers bytes into this buffer from the given source array.
If there are more bytes to be copied from the array than remain in this
buffer, that is, if length >
remaining(), then no bytes are transferred and a
BufferOverflowException
is thrown.
Otherwise, this method copies length bytes from the given array into this buffer, starting at the given offset in the array and at the current position of this buffer. The position of this buffer is then incremented by length.
In other words, an invocation of this method of the form dst.put(src, off, len) has exactly the same effect as the loop.
for (int i = off; i < off + len; i++) dst.put(a[i]);except that it first checks that there is sufficient space in this buffer and it is potentially much more efficient.
src
- The array from which bytes are to be read.offset
- The offset within the array of the first byte to be read; must
be non-negative and no larger than array.length.length
- The number of bytes to be read from the given array; must be
non-negative and no larger than array.length - offset.
BufferOverflowException
- If there is insufficient space in this buffer.
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If the preconditions on the
offset and length parameters do not hold.
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-only. JSR 239
does not support read-only buffer or the ReadOnlyBufferException
class.public final ByteBuffer put(byte[] src)
This method transfers the entire content of the given source byte array into this buffer. An invocation of this method of the form dst.put(a) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
dst.put(a, 0, a.length)
BufferOverflowException
- If there is insufficient space in this buffer.
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-only. JSR 239
does not support read-only buffer or the ReadOnlyBufferException
class.public final boolean hasArray()
If this method returns true then the array
and
arrayOffset
methods may safely be invoked.
public final byte[] array()
Modifications to this buffer's content will cause the returned array's content to be modified, and vice versa.
Invoke the ByteBuffer.hasArray()
method before invoking this method in
order to ensure that this buffer has an accessible backing array.
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-only.
JSR 239 does not support read-only buffer or
the ReadOnlyBufferException
class.
UnsupportedOperationException
- If this buffer is not backed
by an accessible array.public final int arrayOffset()
If this buffer is backed by an array then buffer position p corresponds to array index p + arrayOffset().
Invoke the ByteBuffer.hasArray()
method before invoking this method in
order to ensure that this buffer has an accessible backing array.
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-only.
JSR 239 does not support read-only buffer or the ReadOnlyBufferException
class.
UnsupportedOperationException
- If this buffer is not backed by an
accessible array.public abstract boolean isDirect()
public String toString()
toString
in class Object
public int hashCode()
The hash code of a byte buffer depends only upon its remaining elements; that is, upon the elements from position() up to, and including, the element at limit() - 1.
Because buffer hash codes are content-dependent, it is inadvisable to use buffers as keys in hash maps or similar data structures unless it is known that their contents will not change.
hashCode
in class Object
Object.equals(Object)
,
Hashtable
public boolean equals(Object ob)
Two byte buffers are equal if, and only if,
They have the same element type,
They have the same number of remaining elements, and
The two sequences of remaining elements, considered independently of their starting positions, are pointwise equal.
A byte buffer is not equal to any other type of object.
equals
in class Object
ob
- The object to which this buffer is to be compared.
Boolean.hashCode()
,
Hashtable
public int compareTo(Object ob)
Two byte buffers are compared by comparing their sequences of remaining elements lexicographically, without regard to the starting position of each sequence within its corresponding buffer.
A byte buffer is not comparable to any other type of object.
compareTo
in interface Comparable
ob
- the Object to be compared.
ClassCastException
- If the argument is not a byte buffer.public abstract short getShort()
Reads the next two bytes at this buffer's current position, composing them into a short value according to the current byte order, and then increments the position by two.
BufferUnderflowException
- If there are fewer than two bytes
remaining in this bufferpublic abstract ByteBuffer putShort(short value)
Writes two bytes containing the given short value, in the current byte order, into this buffer at the current position, and then increments the position by two.
value
- The short value to be written
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-onlypublic abstract short getShort(int index)
Reads two bytes at the given index, composing them into a short value according to the current byte order.
index
- The index from which the bytes will be read
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is negative
or not smaller than the buffer's limit, minus onepublic abstract ByteBuffer putShort(int index, short value)
Writes two bytes containing the given short value, in the current byte order, into this buffer at the given index.
index
- The index at which the bytes will be writtenvalue
- The short value to be written
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is negative
or not smaller than the buffer's limit, minus one
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-onlypublic abstract ShortBuffer asShortBuffer()
The content of the new buffer will start at this buffer's current position. Changes to this buffer's content will be visible in the new buffer, and vice versa; the two buffers' position, limit, and mark values will be independent. JSR 239 does not support the mark.
The new buffer's position will be zero, its capacity and its limit will be the number of bytes remaining in this buffer divided by two, and its mark will be undefined. The new buffer will be direct if, and only if, this buffer is direct, and it will be read-only if, and only if, this buffer is read-only. JSR 239 does not support the mark or read-only buffers.
public abstract int getInt()
Reads the next four bytes at this buffer's current position, composing them into an int value according to the current byte order, and then increments the position by four.
BufferUnderflowException
- If there are fewer than four bytes
remaining in this bufferpublic abstract ByteBuffer putInt(int value)
Writes four bytes containing the given int value, in the current byte order, into this buffer at the current position, and then increments the position by four.
value
- The int value to be written
BufferOverflowException
- If there are fewer than four bytes
remaining in this buffer
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-onlypublic abstract int getInt(int index)
Reads four bytes at the given index, composing them into a int value according to the current byte order.
index
- The index from which the bytes will be read
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is negative
or not smaller than the buffer's limit, minus threepublic abstract ByteBuffer putInt(int index, int value)
Writes four bytes containing the given int value, in the current byte order, into this buffer at the given index.
index
- The index at which the bytes will be writtenvalue
- The int value to be written
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is negative
or not smaller than the buffer's limit, minus three
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-onlypublic abstract IntBuffer asIntBuffer()
The content of the new buffer will start at this buffer's current position. Changes to this buffer's content will be visible in the new buffer, and vice versa; the two buffers' position, limit, and mark values will be independent. JSR 239 does not support the mark.
The new buffer's position will be zero, its capacity and its limit will be the number of bytes remaining in this buffer divided by four, and its mark will be undefined. The new buffer will be direct if, and only if, this buffer is direct, and it will be read-only if, and only if, this buffer is read-only. JSR 239 does not support the mark or read-only buffers.
public abstract float getFloat()
Reads the next four bytes at this buffer's current position, composing them into a float value according to the current byte order, and then increments the position by four.
BufferUnderflowException
- If there are fewer than four bytes
remaining in this bufferpublic abstract ByteBuffer putFloat(float value)
Writes four bytes containing the given float value, in the current byte order, into this buffer at the current position, and then increments the position by four.
value
- The float value to be written
BufferOverflowException
- If there are fewer than four bytes remaining in this buffer
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-onlypublic abstract float getFloat(int index)
Reads four bytes at the given index, composing them into a float value according to the current byte order.
index
- The index from which the bytes will be read
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is negative
or not smaller than the buffer's limit, minus threepublic abstract ByteBuffer putFloat(int index, float value)
Writes four bytes containing the given float value, in the current byte order, into this buffer at the given index.
index
- The index at which the bytes will be writtenvalue
- The float value to be written
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If index is negative
or not smaller than the buffer's limit, minus three
ReadOnlyBufferException
- If this buffer is read-onlypublic abstract FloatBuffer asFloatBuffer()
The content of the new buffer will start at this buffer's current position. Changes to this buffer's content will be visible in the new buffer, and vice versa; the two buffers' position, limit, and mark values will be independent. JSR 239 does not support the mark.
The new buffer's position will be zero, its capacity and its limit will be the number of bytes remaining in this buffer divided by four, and its mark will be undefined. The new buffer will be direct if, and only if, this buffer is direct, and it will be read-only if, and only if, this buffer is read-only. JSR 239 does not support the mark or read-only buffers.
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